Crag and tail diagram. Crag-and-tail markings on shoreline outcrop, Roque Island in Jonesport. The Ballagan Formation is of Tournaisian (Courceyan, c. (8) Edinburgh City Centre The city centre is constructed on a spectacular crag-and-tail landform, created by glacial erosion over and around the Castle Rock. Examples of drumlinoid landforms, with crescentic scours in Jun 3, 2025 · Crag & Tail A crag and tail is a larger rock mass than a Roche moutonnee. Download scientific diagram | (a) Crag-and-tail markings (CT) on a fault plane in the Triassic Kodiang Limestone, Peninsular Malaysia. Download scientific diagram | A. Landforms coloured according to their length (n = 118 919). This chunk of rock is the crag. A resistant rock forms an outstanding feature as it doesn't get eroded as much as surrounding rock. Glacial Trough Original stream-cut valley, further modified by glacial action. 2 (A), (B)). Which diagram illustrates a fjord coastline? A B C D Explanation 9. Hansom a Department of Geography and Topographic Science , University of Glasgow , Glasgow, G12 The Edinburgh Castle crag-and-tail is a prominent geomorphological feature resulting from glacial impact, characterized by a steep stoss side of volcanic rock and a gently sloping tail primarily composed of volcanic ash and till. Download scientific diagram | Large numbers of crag and tail glacier lineations suggest fast flowing ice masses crossing relatively thin sediment cover resting on the Fennoscandian shield at Download scientific diagram | Bedrock contours of the Edinburgh Castle crag-and-tail after Sissons (1971). ) with a “tail” of till. (a) Stereogram showing horned crag-and-tail ridge varieties (A) and small-scale glacial lineations and drumlins (B) 75 km west of the northern part of Menihek Lakes. png 594 × 848; 13 KB Volcanic Plug Diagram He. Crag and Tail Crag and tail, a term used to designate a peculiar hill conformation. If a subglacial cavity forms on the lee side in which basal debris is accumulated, the tail may also consist of glacial deposits. Explanation 7. , 2002). geography related drawing Crag-and-tail (CT; Figure 3 e) provides de- pendable fault-sense indicators. How are crag and tails formed? Nov 18, 2024 · The Paleozoic bedrock rim forms part of a glacially streamlined crag-and-tail feature that extends 3 km to the southwest. Which pair of features is the result of deposition by a continental glacier? A. Note complex folding of Trenton Group carbonates on exposed bedrock rim. Apr 17, 2016 · In a crag and tail diagram is the softer downslope side the stoss end and the crag, more resistant steep end the lee side or is it the other way round?!?! Crag and Tail - Mass of hard rock (crag) with a steep upper valley side and a smooth downvalley side (tail) where sediment has built up Till - Material deposited by the glacier - its generally unsorted with variations in rock type throughout Temperature (2mks) Width of a glacier channel. 2008 KCSE GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS PAPER 1 312/ SECTION A a) The diagram below shows a breaking sea wave. A Crag and Tail consists of a large mass of resistant rock on the STOSS (upslope side) and a gently sloping tail (on the LEE side) of less resistant rock. In this case, crag-and-tails are not pure erosional forms, but mixed forms of selective erosion and sedimentation. Examples of crag-and-tails, with crescentic scours in front of their stoss side, in Eclipse Sound. striations and erratics D. A. A. Rock drumlins are related to crag-and-tail forms but they are generally more elliptical in shape (like the inverted bowl of a spoon), up to 5 km long, and they consist almost entirely of bedrock with only a thin veneer of glacial soil. volcanic rock, protects a section of softer, unconsolidated material, the ‘tail’ Nov 29, 2008 · A crag and tail is a larger rock mass than a roche moutonnee. Oblique aerial view of Edinburgh Castle from the south. 3a). Jonathan Oldenbuck, Wikimedia Commons (CCL) It formed when volcanic activity deep inside the Earth forced a stream of hot molten rock (lava) up to the planet’s surface. This is a geological formation caused by the passage of a glacier over an area of hard rock and softer rock. Horns (Pyramidal peak): Horns are pyramidal or triangular peaks created when three or more cirques intersect, leading to the steepening and sharpening of the peak. Author Pearson Education Created Date Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like define periglacial landscapes, define permafrost, name 6 periglacial processes and more. kettle lake. Aug 1, 2025 · Land-form consisting of a small rocky hill (crag) from which extends a tapering ridge of unconsolidated debris (tail). They are important for the reconstruction of former ice sheets because they provide clear evidence of the orientation and the direction of ice flow (Glasser and Bennett, 2004). The lee side of the rock (softer rock known as the tail) however was protected from the erosional power of the glacier by the crag and as such appears as an ‘elongated tapered ramp extending downstream’. A crag-and-tail is a glacial landform, a hard bit of rock that the ice couldn’t shift. The feature may be complete with a furrow marking the trail of the crag ( Figure 4a). Jan 1, 2015 · Small tails of rock protected from glacial abrasion in the lee of resistant grains or mineral crystals on the surface of a rock are called micro-crag and tail. A crag and tail is distinguished from a roche moutonnée by the presence of an elongate, tapered ridge of till extending downstream. Crag are formed of hard resistant bedrock. Jul 31, 2018 · Glacial Landforms: Erosional and DepositionalGlacial Erosional Landforms Cirque/Corrie Hollow basin cut into a mountain ridge. Crag and tail shown by rockhead contours, Edinburgh, Scotland (ice flow direction from left to right) (after Sissons, 1976). These outstanding crags remain after glaciation and may protect a tail of softer material which slopes gently away from the crag on the leeward side. Within the area of LLR glaciation, the most distinct landforms are low relief drumlins that form a radial pattern with a southerly trajectory focussed on the centre of Loch Lomond. Evans & James D. Read et al. Crag and Tail – The crag is a mass of hard rock with a precipitous slope on the upstream side, which protects the softer leeward slope from being completely worn down by the on-coming ice. Crag is a mass of hard rock with a steep slope on the upward side, which protects the softer leeward slope from being completely worn down by the oncoming ice. This protects the far side of soft rock from erosion. Softer rock on the other slope is protected from erosion to form a tail of boulder clay. ii) Describe the process through which a crag and tail is formed. v. Apr 15, 2024 · Learn about the glacial landforms of erosion and deposition, including aretes, truncated spurs, and pyramidal peaks, for Edexcel GCSE Geography. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. On the lee side of the resistant rock, the bed rock was protected from the erosional power of the glacier. A feature of lowland glaciation, where a resistant rock outcrop withstands erosion by a glacier and remains as a feature after the Ice Age. rib t ess through which a crag and tail is May 6, 2021 · Figure 19. Your presentation should also have something interactive for the audience – a quiz, a questions sheet, a diagram to annotate, something physical! Oct 10, 2014 · Erosion/ deposition A crag and tail Edinburgh Castle crag tail Plug of volcanic rock These are partly erosional, partly depositional features. eskers and arêtes B. Imagine a giant ice bulldozer! As the glacier Oct 7, 2024 · Orientation of the landform can indication glacial direction and upland or lowland landforms can be a good indicator of actual ice mass - crag and tail as a macro feature needing a large ice mass to deform around resistant rock rather than flow over as in the meso landform of roches moutonnées Diagram of a ‘crag and tail’ formation - ‘A’ is the crag formed by the volcanic plug and ‘B’ the tail of softer rock, ‘C’ shows the direction of ice movement. Individual rock outcrops were often shaped into ‘roches moutonnées’, with smoothed upstream sides and quarried downstream sides. D. Oct 30, 2022 · Increased abrasion flattens the stoss side and plucking in the subglacial cavity steepens the lee side. Aug 1, 1996 · Bedrock contours of the Edinburgh Castle crag-and-tail after Sissons (1971). Waterfalls or a series of waterfalls can often be found here. Download scientific diagram | Maps of all streamlined and crag-and-tail landforms. This project has been created with Explain Everything™ Interactive Whiteboard for iPad The crag is formed by the basalt of Castle Rock itself, whereas the tail underlies the Royal Mile and comprises sandstone and calcareous mudstone of the Ballagan Formation. Kernel length density representation (units are Aug 17, 2011 · A crag is an isolated hill or mountain (from other high ground), made of a larger rock mass than a roche moutonn é e, but is formed in the same way. A landform consisting of a rocky hill (the crag) and tapering ridge (the tail). It is rather similar to the “rock drumlin,” but it is usually reserved for small-scale outcrops, although rock drumlins are not basically different, and Flint (1957), would drop the French term The central part of area 1 is dominated by drumlin-shaped ridges (drumlinoids), which are mainly elongated, tear-shaped features including some "whaleback" ridges and crag-and-tail features (Fig. Beyond the LLR, the landforms consist of drumlins and crag and tail indicating ice flow to the east and southeast. These features are well seen from the vantage points of the Half-Moon Battery and the Fore Well Battery. Oct 27, 2020 · Story map of glacial processes, erosion, deposition, transportation and resulting landforms and landscapes (case study: UK, Snowdonia) Apr 17, 2022 · Most of the glaciated lowlands have depositional features, but where rock masses project above the level surface, they result in striking features of erosion, such as the Roche moutonnee and crag and tail. jpg 860 × 680; 56 KB Categories: Volcanic plugs Volcanological diagrams A “crag-and-tail” landform, the crag is the steep rocky face and the tail is the long, shallow slope. (2mks) Describe the distinctive characteristics of the following features resulting from glacial erosion: A corrie (3mks) A pyramidal peak (3mks) a fiord (fjord) (3mks) The diagram below shows a glaciated upland area Name the features marked M, N, and P. Nov 16, 2021 · Crag and tail A crag and tail is a larger rock mass than a Roche moutonnee Like a Roche moutonnee, it is formed from a section of rock that was more resistant than its surroundings. crag and tail A land-form consisting of a small rocky hill (crag) from which there extends a tapering ridge of unconsolidated debris (tail). Example – Castle Rock of Edinburgh, Scotland. The observation that bedrock cores might be found in various positions within drumlins (cf. g. Rates of Erosion Rates of erosion will vary During glaciation the smaller side valley contains less ice than the main glacial valley, which is why it is not as deeply eroded. crag and tail. It usually stands alone, separate from other high ground. C. Oct 7, 2024 · Crag and tail: A macro-scale, tapered ridge of glacial deposits, extended to one side, found in both upland and lowland areas Formed when a ‘crag’, a large section of hard, resistant bedrock e. Salisbury Crags are of great significance in the development of modern geology. Aug 25, 2021 · The ice moulding of the Midland Valley is a product of ice streaming in the last and earlier ice sheets. Although often similar in appearance there are two types of crag-and-tail dependent upon the composition of the tail and processes that led to its formation. Tail are formed from softer rock. Erosional processes erode the softer rocks on the stoss side, leaving the chunk of resistant rock behind. Jan 27, 2023 · Eastern lowlands In the lowlands of eastern Scotland, the glaciers moulded and streamlined the landscape, producing crag-and-tail landforms such as Edinburgh’s Castle Rock and Royal Mile. Smooth sea floor (b) is postglacial mud overlying iceberg‐turbated glaciomarine sediment that is exposed at (c). (b) Top panel shows road cut through a less streamlined raft at location “S,” including clast macrofabric from the capping till. A Crag and Tail is a geological formation caused by the passage of a glacier over an area of hard rock. . 0 License migration redundant GFDL Self-published work Apr 27, 2024 · Crag and Tail: A crag is an outcropping of hard rock with a high upward slope that keeps the ice from entirely wearing down the softer, leeward slope. Note the horseshoe shaped depression which has been eroded on the up-ice side of the Castle Rock crag. Mar 19, 2023 · Crag and Tail is a mass of resistant rock outcrop, steep on the up – stream side which protects the soft rocks on the leeward slope. Some crag and tails however that have As glaciers move across the landscape, they come across large rock obstructions such as volcanic plugs or particularly resistant rocks. Crag & Tail A crag and tail is a larger rock mass than a Roche moutonne. Fig. Edinburgh Castle and the Royal Mile down its tail is an excellent example of this feature. Download scientific diagram | 3. Stokes et al. Crag and tail photograph: geography photo of a crag and tail with labels describing and explaining the main features of the crag and tail in the picture. Diagram of a ‘crag and tail’ formation - ‘A’ is the crag formed by the volcanic plug and ‘B’ the tail of softer rock, ‘C’ shows the direction of ice movement. 72 likes, 1 comments - history_alice on March 12, 2021: "Bit of #geography !! What do you think of this highly accurate crag and tail diagram? #Womenshistorycircle #historygirls #foryoupage #fyp #funny #comedy #historiansofinstagram #historydocumentaries #historynerds #historylovers #historytv #amazinghistory #herstory #history #historyfacts #historyteacher #historymemes #aliceloxton # Ice had an important role in shaping the wider landscape, with ice movement from west to east. (2mks) c) Explain how the following factors influence wave deposition: i) Gradient of the shore (4mks) ii) Depth of the Geography Hot and cold environments Glaciated environments A2/A-level Edexcel Created by: emaanullah Created on: 07-11-17 11:18 Download scientific diagram | Maps of all streamlined and crag‐and‐tail landforms. It is a ‘U’ Shaped Valley. cirques and kettles C. Crag and tails are created by differential geology. Where are crag and tails formed? Beneath an ice sheet by glacial erosion and deposition. This gives Blackford Hill, the smaller Corbie’s Crag near the summit, and several of the other hills of Edinburgh a common ‘crag and tail’ shape, with a steep westerly side and more gentle slope to the east. Crag and tail close crag and tailOutcrop of resistant rock with a steep-sided stoss end and a gentle sloping lee side. two features of glacial till. Often produced by selective erosion of softer strata, roche moutonnée landscapes are characteristic of glaciated crystalline shield areas. This structure provides insights into past ice flow directions and the evolution of glacially streamlined forms, revealing its unique composition compared to typical Explained VideoCrag and Tail on GeographyKilla Arena This is known as a crag-and-tail formation and is testament to the glacial erosion that changed Edinburgh’s landscapes so dramatically. The Wallace Monument stands on the crag at the right, and the long tail slopes down leftward Salisbury Crags to the left and Arthur's Seat to the right, with their tails sloping east to the right. When the ice melts, the cirque may develop into a tarn lake. Crag and tail An elongated streamlined hill that is smoothed by abrasion on its up-glacier end and with a tail of preserved existing sediment or bedrock, or deposited sediment on its down-flow end. Deep glacial scoops form the Grassmarket and Princes Street Gardens. Challenge Explain how the shape of a crag and tail indicates the direction in which the glacier flowed along the valley. Download scientific diagram | 29. Crag Your task is to produce a power point presentation or factsheet or poster on a particular Glacial landform. A good example of crag and tail is the rock on which Edinburgh Castle is built. Kernel length density representation (units Feb 15, 2013 · Further till exhaustion might lead to more obvious drumlin cores, as in (C), crag-and-tail features (D), and an entirely bedrock surface (E). Crag and Tail This picture illustrates the crag and tail that Edinburgh Castle is built on This tends to be bigge r than a Roches moutonnée. Sep 9, 2022 · What are rocks left by glaciers called? What is the steep side of the crag and tail called? What is the difference between a Drumlin and a Roche Moutonnee? Where can drumlins be found? Roches moutonnées Roche moutonn’es are ice-scoured, polished bedrock landforms that are made by the erosive action oftemperate glacier ice. This is the crag. Examine the role of different physical processes in the formation of the crag and tail shown in Figure 4b. ), a roche moutonnée (q. jpg 800 × 441; 30 KB Crag and tail diagram. It is a large mass of resistant rock which creates a hill (crag) with a tapering ridge (tail) on its lee. Sep 17, 2022 · Crag and Tail Although similar to a roche moutonnée, a crag and tail is a little different. Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Cirques, Glacial Trough, Crag and tail and others. Erosional crag-and-tails consist of a highly resistant rock crag that protected less resistant bedrock in its lee from the full force of glacial erosion. Jonathan Oldenbuck, Wikimedia Commons (CCL) The lava pushed through layers of softer rocks then rapidly cooled to form a very tough rock called dolerite. from publication: Glacitectonic rafts and their role in the Crag and tail diagram he. Depositional crag-and-tails were formed by the inflow of glacial sediments into a cavity produced in the lee of the rock obstruction, and hence have tails composed of unconsolidated sediments. This is where a glacier travels over a piece of resistant rock, with less resistant rock on either side. What you need to know Macro-scale glacial erosional landforms and landscapes both for and beyond the UK including cirques, pyramidal peaks, arêtes, glacial troughs, ribbon lakes, hanging valleys and truncated spurs; Meso-scale glacial landforms and landscapes both for and beyond the UK including roches moutonnées, crag and tail v. Crag and tail: A crag and tail is a larger rock mass than a Roche moutonnee. Kendall (1924) remarked that “a drumlin is a roche moutonnée expressed in boulder clay. Like a Roche moutonnee, it is formed from a section of rock that was more resistant than its surroundings. Glaciers sweeping outwards from the centre of Scotland have left a classic crag-and-tail, descending gently towards Arthur's Seat and Whinny Hill in the East. (color online) Depositional crag-and-tail or stoss-and-lee megaflutings near Warburg: (a) annotated LiDAR digital elevation model of the glacial landforms in the area showing sections at S and N. It is the opposite of a Roches moutonnée as the glacier hits the steep resistant outcrop first. (b) A schematic outline of the horned crag-and- tails that exhibit a range of morphological variation, from extremely immature features with poorly developed horns of low relief to well-developed horned The 'tail' composed by sediments protected by the 'crag' and overlying drift, forms the gentle slope or the Royal Mile leading from the Castle to the Palace of Holyrood House. Start studying Edexcel A-Level Geography - Glaciation. The Abbey Craig, a crag with tail near the University of Stirling. ” There is every transition from a normal drumlin to a “ rock drumlin ,” one with a rock core and a veneer of till, to “ crag-and-tail ” (q. The eroded material is deposited down stream to form an elongated tail. The roche moutonnée may be distinguished from the “crag and tail” in its lack of a streamlined tail of ground moraine (“lodgement till”). We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The landform evidence of this glacier streamlining is a prominent aspect of urban topography, especially evident in Glasgow’s drumlins and Edinburgh’s crag-and-tail landforms, but is prevalent throughout much of the region in the form of a range of subglacial landforms that also Download scientific diagram | Crag‐and‐tail landforms (a) off Agassiz Banks. May 4, 2011 · Structured data width Categories: Sedimentology diagrams Glacial abrasion diagrams Crag and tail Diagrams of glacial landforms Diagrams of glacial landforms in English CC-BY-SA-3. Download scientific diagram | (color online) Depositional crag-and-tail or stoss-and-lee megaflutings near Warburg: (a) annotated LiDAR digital elevation model of the glacial landforms in the area Learn Crag and tail facts for kidsA crag (sometimes called a craig in Scotland) is a rocky hill or mountain. (4mks) b) Describe three processes of wave erosion along the coast. hanging valley. 350 myr old) age and part of the Inverclyde Group, the oldest Carboniferous rocks in Scotland (e. Edinburgh Castle stands on one of these crag-and-tail landforms. Thus, it has a gentle tail strewn with the eroded rock debris. Crags are often formed by the powerful forces of nature, especially glaciers. A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain, generally isolated from other high ground. Some geologists limit the term to features on scales of a metre to several hundred metres [1]: 324–326 and refer to larger features as crag and tail, though they are formed in essentially the same way. from publication: Subglacial Media in category "Structural geology diagrams" The following 174 files are in this category, out of 174 total. It at mature Jan 25, 2017 · Example: Couloir Crag - [Gaelic] - a rocky outcrop Crag and tail - Also cragg or (Scotland) craig. Examples of crag-and-tails, with crescentic scours in front of their | Download Scientific Diagram This combination is known as crag and tail (q. ), an old Scottish term. Aug 1, 2011 · Finally, the term ‘crag and tail’ is often used interchangeably with part bedrock/part till drumlins but this term is usually used (cf. The hard rock indentors are quartz grains, (b) is a fault A large mass of resistant rock on the Stoss (upslope) side Mass of less resistant rock with a gently sloping tail on the lee (far) side Formation: glacier passes over an area of hard and softer rock Forms when a glacier is moving forward and melting at the same time Boulder clay and till is deposited when the glacier encounters an obstacle The Edinburgh Castle crag-and-tail David a a J. Jun 5, 2006 · Drumlins, crag and tail, and eskers are identified. Remember that On the A ˚ ngermanland - Västerbotten Coast, the LiDAR data reveal a converging group of lineations, oriented to the S and SSE, and including both crag and tail and drumlin forms (Fig. Landforms colored according to their length (n = 118 919). This normally leads to a waterfall. , 2011) is also fairly readily understood. Like a roche moutonnee, it is formed from a section of rock that was more resistant than its surroundings. Rocks of volcanic or metamorphic origin are likely to produce such a feature. Note the horseshoe shaped depression which has been eroded on the up-ice side of the Drumlins, Roche Moutonnee, & Crag And Tail Edward Ewacha 247 subscribers Subscribed Other articles where crag and tail is discussed: roche moutonnée: A crag and tail is distinguished from a roche moutonnée by the presence of an elongate, tapered ridge of till extending downstream. The crag is a residual feature left by selective glacial erosion, while the tail is drift-deposited by ice on the lee side of the obstacle. 2. To the north a loch was formed while the south offered stable ground on which to build Edinburgh’s old town and now forms the Grassmarket. How Crags Are Formed Crags are created when a huge sheet of ice, called a glacier, moves across the land. A Crag and Tail; consists of a large mass of resistant rock and a gently sloping tail of less resistant rock. B. Download scientific diagram | (color online) Details of a quarry exposure in a horned crag-and-tail near the Lac la Biche townsite. Glacial scouring of the outcrop surface left tapering "tails" on the sheltered sides of Jan 18, 2025 · Explore the processes and effects of glaciers, from types like valley and continental glaciers to the unique landforms created through erosion and deposition, such as U-shaped valleys and moraines. Striations, roches moutonnees, rock drumlins and crag and tail: These are all smaller erosion features which help to indicate the direction of ice movement. Deposition of eroded material in the lee of the crag creates the tail. Dionne, 1987) to describe landforms where the bedrock occupies the entire stoss portion of the landform and is exposed at the surface, with unconsolidated material forming an obvious tail it its shadow. a, crag; b, tail (boulder clay,… May 23, 2018 · (d) Study Figure 4b in the Resource Booklet. They range in scale from tens of metres to km in length with the tail pointing in the down-glacier direction. The tail in this type consists of bedrock. It has steep sided slope on three sides, an open end on one side and a flat bottom. The rock face facing the ice is steepened by glacial erosion. moraines and drumlins Explanation 8. jpg 800 × 441; 19 KB Erosion d'une cheminée volcanique. i) Name the features marked M, N, and P. Scale bar is 2 km. truncated spur. fzui cnuqk xbef qboozen yultop qgrhwus noydqq tgcyuau xnqpk mkvtz
|